In 2011 Nunavut became the final canadian province or territory to permit adoption by queer couples.

The ability for same-sex couples to legally adopt a child.

Before 2011, not all Canadian states and provinces had changed their regulations to allow same-sex adoption. The first to fully allow it was Quebec in 1982.

In 2019, a bill was passed to equalise the age of consent to age 16 no matter the sexuality.

The difference between legal age of consent for homosexual sex and heterosexual sex.

The age of consent in for anal sex in Canada is 18, whereas the age of consent for acts of sex is 16.

After having a 3 month deferral for MSMs to donate blood was deemed unfair, it is now completely legal for MSMs to donate blood with no deferral as long as they have been tested negative for HIV, which everyone has to do before donating blood, regardless of sexuality.

The ability for MSMs (men who have sex with men) to donate blood or tissue for organ transplants. A deferral period refers to a waiting time before a man can donate after having sex.

In 2019, Health Canada lessened their deferral period to 3 months for men who have sex with men.

Health Canada approved Canadian Blood Services’ proposal to reduce the blood donation ineligibility period for men who have sex with men from five years to one year.

Health Canada changed the indefinite deferral period to a 5-year deferral, effective May 22, 2013.

Men who had sex with men, even just once, were banned indefinitely from donating blood in Canada from 1977 to 2013.

Before the 1977 ban, there were no restrictions on men who had sex with men from donating blood in Canada.

In Canada, there are no laws restricting to discussion or promotion of LGBTQ+ topics. In 2020 a whistleblower revealed that staff at the Canadian Museum for Human Rights had been told by management to censor LGBTQ exhibits, a move which was condemned by Federal Heritage Minister Steven Guilbeault.

Censorship or prohibition of discussing, promoting, or teaching LGBTQ+ topics in media, schools, and in the general public.

Since 2012, Canada has not required surgery to change gender on documents under federal jurisdiction e.g. passports. However, legal gender recognition was dependent on each province and territory’s laws until July 1, 2017, when the Northwest Territories became the last to remove the requirement for surgery for legal gender recognition.

Legal recognition of a change in gender by permitting a change on an individual's legal documentation.

Until 2012, Canada federally required surgery for gender recognition on passports. However, until 2017, gender recognition elsewhere generally varied by province and territory.

Conversion therapy in Canada is banned nationwide under bill C-4(44-1) which recieved Royal Assent on December 8th 2021 and went into effect 30 days after on January 7th 2022. Two previous legislative attempts failed.

Legal status of conducting sexual orientation changing therapy ("ex-gay" therapy)

Ontario became the first province in 2015 to ban conversion therapy. 
 
It only became banned federally in 2022.

Until June 4th 2015, conversion therapy was not banned anywhere in Canada.

Bill C-16 amended the Canadian Human Rights Act to add gender identity and gender expression to the list of prohibited grounds of discrimination. 

Prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity.

Before the 2017 amendment, only sexual orientation was included as a protected class.

Bill C-16 received Royal Ascent on 19 June 2017, revising the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code.

Prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity in employment, including hiring, promotion, termination, harassment, etc.

Federal human rights law applies directly to only federal government employment and employers which fall under federal jurisdiction. Gender identity is only implicitly protected under interpretation of the law by the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal. Attempts have been made to have gender identity and gender expression added as protected classes to both the Canadian Human Rights Act and Criminal Code, though none of these attempts so far has been successful. 
 
Provincial human rights acts are separate, but Supreme Court precedent exists for requiring provinces to protect the same classes as the Canadian Human Rights Act. At this time all provinces protect against employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Of the provinces only Ontario has explicit protection on the basis of both gender identity and gender expression in its human rights code, though several provide implicit protections on the basis of gender identity or "transsexualism" under the category of "sex" or "gender".

Gender Affirming Care is legal for adults in all provinces, however, with the passage of the Health Statues Amendment Act (No 2), 2024 in the Alberta Legislature, Hormone Therapy and Puberty Blockers are banned for minors under the age of 16, and Gender Affirming Surgeries are banned for all individuals under the age of 18 in Alberta.

Medical and psychological support designed to help individuals transition to the gender they identify with, including hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and surgeries.

Gender-affirming care falls under provincial jurisdiction. Currently no province or territory restricts it, however some provinces like Alberta have spoken about restricting or outright banning care for minors in the future.

In 1969, the first gender identity clinic opened in Toronto at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry and the first gender-affirming surgery in Canada was performed in 1970. 
 
To qualify, applicants had to be employed, be straight, never have been convicted of a crime, have lived as their identified gender for at least two years, and have changed all their legal documents.

In 1969, Canada enacted the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968–69, which decriminalized private and consensual homosexual activities between adults aged 21 and over.

Consensual sexual activity between individuals of the same sex.

In the 1953-54 parliamentary session, the Criminal Code was amended to also criminalize homosexuality between women, it took effect in the summer of 1954.

In 1890, the House of Commons introduced a new offence called “gross indecency.&#34; The new offence made it easier to charge suspected sodomites. 
 
In 1893, the gross indecency law became part of the country’s first Criminal Code. The original language of the law referred only to homosexual acts between men, as sex between women was typically ignored at the time.

In 1648, the first documented case of a sodomy conviction occurred. 
 
The military drummer, who was the man convicted, was found guilty and was sentenced to death. However, Jesuits stepped in and were able to transfer the case to Québec City, where his life was sparred. 
 
From then until 1893, few known cases exist of homosexuals being sentenced to death.

“Gender identity and gender expression” were added by Bill 7, the Alberta Human Rights Amendment Act which received royal assent in 2015.

Prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity when applying for housing or discrimination by landlords / property owners.

Section 268 of Canada&#39;s Criminal Code (1985) makes aggravated assault illegal, including actions that cause injury or harm to a victim&#39;s sex organs. However, there is an exception in Section 268(3)(a) for medical practitioners performing surgeries to establish a &#34;normal sexual appearance.&#34; Therefore, medical practitioners performing surgeries on intersex youth is not banned.

Medical interventions performed on intersex infants to alter their genital appearance to conform to typical male or female standards, often without the informed consent of the child who is too young to participate in the decision-making process.

Same-sex marriage in Canada became legally recognised nationwide with the Civil Marriage Act, making Canada the fourth country in the world to legalise gay marriage.

Marriage and marriage recognition between two people of the same biological sex and/or gender identity.

On June 10th, 2003, Ontario became the first province in Canada to legalize civil unions for gay couples. The second province to legalize it was British Columbia less than a month later on July 8th, 2003.  

LGBT soldiers are permitted to serve in the Canadian military and have been since Douglas v Canada.

The ability for homosexuals to serve in the military and be open about their sexuality.

Before Douglas v Canada LGBT individuals were banned from serving in the Canadian military.

The Canadian federal government now allows individuals to put &#34;X&#34; on their passport to indicate an unspecified gender. 
 
Other IDs are under provincial/territorial jurisdiction. Only Nunavut currently has no legal recognition for non-binary identities.

Legal recognition of non-binary, genderqueer, or third gender identities.

On July 28th, 2017, the Government of Northwest Territories became the first jurisdiction in Canada to offer a third gender option. 

Before July 28th, 2017, no jurisdictions in Canada allowed a third gender option.

Canada

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